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Patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of water


​
Watch the video, right, carefully and outline your response to the following:
  • What is the nature of the crisis in Cape Town?
  • What are the causes and possible solutions?


Subject Guide

​An overview of global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of water, including embedded water in food and manufactured goods.

  • Watch this video and take notes on where we get fresh water from and how it is used. Make sure you have data that can be converted to simple graphs.
  • What is the difference between blue, green and grey water?
  • What is virtual water?
  • How is water use different in HICs/LICs?
What are the key points made in this video?
​Explain them in your own words.


Infographic analysis

Picture
  1. How many LITRES of water does the average American use in a year (you'll need to find a way to convert US Gallons to litres)?
  2. How many litres is that each day?
  3. If a bucket of water holds about 10 litres of water, how many buckets of water does an average American use each day?
  4. Comment on this; does it surprise you (it should!)? Why?
  5. What is meant by "hidden water"?
  6. What is meant by "Blue water", "Green water" and "Grey Water"?
  7. What are the problems if water levels fall below critical levels in rivers?


Picture
Picture
Picture
  1. What is the difference between physical and economic water scarcity?
  2. Use the world map to describe the patterns of water scarcity around the world. Break it down into:
    1. Which areas of the world experience physical water scarcity? Name countries and continents and consider lines of latitude. Study the map of world precipitation patterns: what do you notice about the level of precipitation in these areas? How does this help to explain the physical water scarcity?
    2. Which areas of the world experience economic water scarcity? Name countries and continents and consider lines of latitude. Study the maps of world precipitation and wealth: what do you notice? How does this help to explain the physical water scarcity?
    3. Why do you think the areas in blue do not experience much water scarcity?
    4. Why are there no estimates for the areas in grey? There is more than one answer here - name areas and suggest a reason.


Document/text book analysis

Use your textbook and your knowledge from previous study at IB to answer the following:
  1. What role has population growth played in water insecurity?
  2. Use the data on page 247 of your book to create a graph or diagram to show the world's water budget.
  3. Describe and comment, with reference to data, the changing global use of water from 1990-present day,
  4. To what extent do increases in water demand mirror population change? What other factors have influenced demand for water?
  5. Why do amounts of embedded water in a product vary from country to country? Illustrate this with examples.
  6. Explain what is meant by "exported drought".
  7. How is water scarcity different from aridity or low rainfall?
​
pressures_on_water_supples_unesco.pdf
File Size: 346 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

Document
Task 1 – Using the file above, take notes on the four main sources that create demand, 
namely agriculture, production of energy, industrial uses and human consumption.

Task 2 – Take notes on the likely impacts of climate change on future water supplies and vulnerable populations


Extras worth a look

Picture
  • Home
    • Contact
  • MYP
    • Development >
      • An unequal world?
      • Billionaires investigation
      • Africa: the danger of a single story
      • Patterns of development
      • Trade and development
      • Fair Trade
      • Sustainable Development Goals
    • Tectonic Hazards >
      • What is risk?
      • Alfred Wegener and Continental Drift
      • Plate tectonics
      • Distribution of tectonic hazards
      • Measuring earthquakes
      • Why do people die in earthquakes?
      • School earthquake plan
      • Earthquake assessment
      • Volcanoes - what are they? Why are they important?
      • Volcano "Science Fair"
      • Causes of tsunami
    • Population >
      • Why study population?
      • Population distribution
      • Population growth
      • Population pyramids
      • Demographic transition model
      • Migration
      • Migration examples - case studies
      • Refugees in Indonesia
      • Population revision activities
    • Weather and Climate >
      • Weather vs Climate and why is it important?
      • Climate graphs
      • Why does it rain?
      • What affects temperature and why is Jakarta so hot and wet?
      • What causes wind and how do we measure it?
      • Microclimates
  • IGCSE
    • Course information
    • Physical: Hazardous environments >
      • Distribution of tectonic hazards
      • Causes of tsunami
      • Measuring earthquakes
      • Earthquake case study 1: Haiti
      • Earthquake case study 2: Christchurch
      • Why do earthquakes do more damage in LICs than in HICs?
      • How are volcanic eruptions measured?
      • Tropical storms - distribution
      • Causes of tropical cyclones
      • Tropical cyclones - case study
      • Why live in hazardous areas?
    • River Environments >
      • Hydrological cycle
      • River basins
      • Factors affecting river regimes
      • Fluvial processes: erosion
      • Fluvial processes: weathering and mass movement
      • Fluvial processes: transportation and depositon
      • River features and their formation
      • How rivers change from source to mouth
      • Uses of water
      • Water pollution
      • Water supply
  • IBDP
    • Changing population >
      • Global patterns of economic development
      • Physical and human factors affecting global population distribution
      • Case study 1: China
      • Case study 2: Niger
      • Demographic transition
      • Megacity growth
      • Forced migration and internal displacement
      • Ageing populations
      • Pro-natalist and anti-natalist policies
      • Gender equality policies
      • Trafficking policies
      • The Demographic Dividend
    • Global climate vulnerability and resilience >
      • Atmospheric system
      • The energy balance
      • Changes in the energy balance
      • The enhanced greenhouse effect
      • Climate Change and the Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere
      • Impacts of climate change on people and places
      • Disparities in exposure to climate change risk and vulnerability
      • Government-led adaptation and mitigation strategies
      • Civil society and corporate strategies
    • Global resource consumption and security >
      • Progress towards poverty reduction
      • Measuring trends in global consumption
      • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of water
      • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of land/food
      • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of energy
      • Water food and energy nexus
      • Recycling and waste
      • Malthus vs Boserup
      • Resource Stewardship strategies
      • Sustainable Development Goals
    • Freshwater - drainage basins >
      • The drainage basin as a system
      • How rivers change from source to mouth
      • River discharge
      • River processes
      • River landforms
      • Factors affecting flood risk
      • Attempts at flood prediction
      • Flood mitigation
      • Flood mitigation case studies
      • Water scarcity
      • Agricultural activities and water quality
      • Pressures on lakes and aquifers
      • Internationally shared water and conflict
      • Water management: participation of local communities
      • Dams as multi-purpose schemes
      • Water management: Integrated Drainage Basin Management (IDBM)
      • Managing wetlands
    • Leisure, Sport and Tourism >
      • Growth and purpose of leisure time
      • Categories of tourism and sport
      • Economic development and participation
      • Factors affecting personal participation
      • Factors affecting growth of tourism hotspots
      • Spheres of influencee
      • Factors affecting a national sports league
      • Festivals
      • Niche national tourism strategies
      • Role of TNCs
      • Tourism as a national development strategy
      • International sporting events
      • Consequences of unsustainable growth
      • Sustainable tourism
      • Future international tourism
      • Political and cultural influences on sport
    • Extended Essay in Geography >
      • Supervisor meetings
    • Skills/concepts >
      • Infographics
      • 4 Ps
      • Mock examination revision and preparation
  • Geography and ToK
  • Theory of Knowledge
    • Knowledge and Technology
    • Knowledge and Language
    • Knowledge and Politics
    • Knowledge and Religion
    • Knowledge and Indigenous Societies