Study Guide
Variations in sphere of influence for different kinds of sporting and touristic facility, including neighbourhood parks and gyms, city stadiums and national parks.
Settlement hierarchies and leisure hierarchies
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Settlement hierarchies can be found globally and are simply the ordering of settlements by size and importance. Any given location will tend to have a greater number of smaller settlements (villages and small towns) and a smaller number of large urban centres.
Larger settlements have larger populations and people will travel to them to use their services. This means that larger urban centres can usually sustain higher order services. This pattern is true for sporting and touristic services where a region will tend to have a larger number of smaller services such as neighbourhood parks or gyms and a smaller number of national parks, major stadiums and national parks. |
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Study the leisure/touristic facilities in the table.
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The leisure hierarchy has a strong correlation with settlement hierarchy. Settlement hierarchy is usually measured by three variables:
Normally the higher up the urban hierarchy a settlement is, the greater the variety (range) and number of leisure, sport and tourist activities and facilities.
For example, village may only have a community hall and football pitch offering basic leisure activities like:
However, there are factors which might mean that a settlement has more leisure/tourist facilities than you would expect. These might include:
- Population size
- Range and number of services
- Sphere of influence
Normally the higher up the urban hierarchy a settlement is, the greater the variety (range) and number of leisure, sport and tourist activities and facilities.
For example, village may only have a community hall and football pitch offering basic leisure activities like:
- Bingo
- Football
- Yoga
- Youth club
- Badminton
However, there are factors which might mean that a settlement has more leisure/tourist facilities than you would expect. These might include:
- Level of development
- Location (near the coast or a National Park)
- Accessibility (airport, roads, railway)
- History (historical buildings or events)
- Advertising and recognition
- Weather
- Events e.g. Olympics, Rugby World Cup.
Key terms
Hierarchy: Placing things in an order of importance.
Threshold population: The minimum population required for a service to be offered.
Sphere of influence: The area that people travel from to use a service.
Intra-urban: Urban means a settlement of over 10,000 people, intra means within. Therefore, intra-urban means within an urban area.
Rural-urban fringe: The boundary between the urban area and the rural area.
TBD or RBD (Tourist or Recreational Business District): The main centre of tourist activities and facilities within an urban area.
Threshold population: The minimum population required for a service to be offered.
Sphere of influence: The area that people travel from to use a service.
Intra-urban: Urban means a settlement of over 10,000 people, intra means within. Therefore, intra-urban means within an urban area.
Rural-urban fringe: The boundary between the urban area and the rural area.
TBD or RBD (Tourist or Recreational Business District): The main centre of tourist activities and facilities within an urban area.
Sport and leisure hierarchies
- Open the doc below and form teams to discuss and complete the table.
- Now discuss how leisure hierarchies might exist within a city. What is the difference between local leisure resources and facilities which serve the entire city and its surrounds? Give concrete examples of this.
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When looking at the distribution, it might be easiest to divide the city into urban zones, like in the Burgess Model.
TBD: Sometimes coincides with CBD but will contain historic buildings, museums, theatres, galleries, top end hotels and restaurants Transition zone: The old industrial area in HICs. Might contain cinemas, bowling alleys, shopping centres, sports centres. Suburbs: The residential area of the city may contain parks, libraries, sports centres, community centres |
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Rural-urban fringe: The boundary between the urban and rural area may contain parks, hotels, shopping centres, golf courses, stadiums
Urban area: The built up area, anywhere with a population of over 10,000 people is considered to be urban.
Rural area: Everywhere outside the urban area, the countryside. Rural areas may contain small settlements like villages and hamlets and leisure facilities like national parks, lakes, canopy tours, farms, country homes, etc.
Urban area: The built up area, anywhere with a population of over 10,000 people is considered to be urban.
Rural area: Everywhere outside the urban area, the countryside. Rural areas may contain small settlements like villages and hamlets and leisure facilities like national parks, lakes, canopy tours, farms, country homes, etc.
Spheres of influence and the sport and leisure hierarchy in Jakarta
Choose three contrasting leisure or tourist facilities from those below:
- How large is its sphere of influence (local, city-wide, national?). Explain why.
- How many of this type of facility are found in the city? Why is this the case?
- Why would people be either willing or unwilling to travel a long way to reach this place?
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